How is FM modulation calculated?

The frequency modulation is known as a constant bandwidth system and an example of this system is given below.

1. Δf = 75 KHz fm = 500 Hz BWFM = 2 [75 + (500/1000)] KHz = 151.0 KHz.
2. Δf = 75 KHz fm = 5000 Hz BWFM = 2 [75 + (5000/1000)] KHz = 160.0 KHz.
3. Δf = 75 KHz fm = 10000 Hz BWFM = 2 [75 + (10000/1000)] KHz = 170.0 KHz.

How is FM achieved?

FM signals can be generated either by using direct frequency modulation, which is achieved by inputting a message directly into a voltage-controlled oscillator, or by using indirect frequency modulation, which is achieved by integrating a message signal to generate a phase-modulated signal, which is then used to …

HOW AM signal is demodulated?

For example, in AM radio communication, a continuous wave radio-frequency signal (a sinusoidal carrier wave) has its amplitude modulated by an audio waveform before transmission. The audio waveform modifies the amplitude of the carrier wave and determines the envelope of the waveform.

How is FM range calculated?

The basic formula is 10n * log10 (d) + C, where d is the distance of the transmission, n is the path loss exponent and C is a constant. For a broadcast of 6 watts, the transmission range will be 3 miles. At 15 watts, the range increases to 5 miles, at 40 watts to 10 miles and at 100 watts to 15 miles.

What is the demodulation frequency?

Frequency Modulation Tutorial Includes: FM demodulation is a key process in the reception of a frequency modulated signal. Once the signal has been received, filtered and amplified, it is necessary to recover the original modulation from the carrier. It is this process that is called demodulation or detection.

What is FM modulation rate?

FM radio uses frequency modulation, of course. The frequency band for FM radio is about 88 to 108 MHz. The information signal is music and voice which falls in the audio spectrum. The full audio spectrum ranges form 20 to 20,000 Hz, but FM radio limits the upper modulating frequency to 15 kHz (cf.