What is supercritical flow in open channel?

According to the website Civil Engineering Terms, supercritical flow is defined as follows: The flow at which depth of the channel is less than critical depth, velocity of flow is greater than critical velocity and slope of the channel is also greater than the critical slope is known as supercritical flow.

What is supercritical flow in a pipe?

Supercritical flow is “fast flow” and is impacted by upstream conditions. It flows faster than the wave speed and is unimpacted by downstream conditions. As water flows down a culvert, the depth may change and pass through the critical depth if the bottom slope, geometry, or pipe material changes.

How do you know if a flow is supercritical or subcritical?

If flow is subcritical waves will appear in front of the stick. If flow is at critical waves will have a 45 o angle. If flow is supercritical no upstream waves will appear and the wave angle will be less than 45 o. Note: Critical flow is unstable and often sets up standing waves between super and subcritical flow.

How do you calculate supercritical flow?

Supercritical flow transitions to subcritical through a hydraulic jump which represents a high energy loss with erosive potential. When the actual depth is less than critical depth it is classified as supercritical.

Is supercritical flow bad?

Supercritical flow involves shallow water flowing in high velocity. Owing to swift flow of water in channels accommodating supercritical flow, there is considerable safety risk in the event of passengers falling into the channel and washed away to downstream.

What is normal flow hydraulics?

Normal depth is the depth of flow in a channel or culvert when the slope of the water surface and channel bottom is the same and the water depth remains constant. Normal depth is undefined for culverts placed at horizontal or adverse slopes.

When so SC and yn YC It is called as?

Explanation: When the slopes have a condition of So > 0 and Yn < Yc, it is called as steep slope. It is denoted as ‘S’. Steep slope is classified into three zones.

At what condition the flow becomes subcritical in terms of flow Froude number?

Subcritical flow occurs when the combined Froude number is less than unity such that waves can travel in both directions.

What causes hydraulic jump?

A hydraulic jump occurs when the upstream flow is supercritical (F>1). To have a jump, there must be a flow impediment downstream. The downstream impediment could be a weir, a bridge abutment, a dam, or simply channel friction. Water depth increases during a hydraulic jump and energy is dissipated as turbulence.

What is channel slope?

Channel Slope means longitudinal stream bed profile or the vertical drop of the stream bed from up- stream to downstream in relationship to adjacent floodplain features. Sample 1.