How do you communicate from user space to kernel space?

There are couple of well known methods to communicate from user space to kernel space.

1. Virtual file system like /proc , /sys , /configfs , /debugfs Standard.
2. system call like read() , write() , open() , close() , fork()
3. ioctl for char drivers.
4. netlink socket – mostly used by network subsystem.

Why does the operating system split the memory into kernel space and user space?

A modern computer operating system usually segregates virtual memory into kernel space and user space. Primarily, this separation serves to provide memory protection and hardware protection from malicious or errant software behaviour.

What are the different ways the Linux can switch from user space to kernel space & Vice Versa?

The only way an user space application can explicitly initiate a switch to kernel mode during normal operation is by making an system call such as open, read, write etc. Whenever a user application calls these system call APIs with appropriate parameters, a software interrupt/exception(SWI) is triggered.

Who established communication between user and kernel?

The filter manager supports communication between user mode and kernel mode through communication ports. The minifilter driver controls security on the port by specifying a security descriptor to be applied to the communication port object.

Who established communication between user and kernel in Linux?

Then, Alexey Kuznetsov extended it during Linux kernel 2.1 development to provide a flexible and extensible messaging interface to the new advanced routing infrastructure. Since then, Netlink sockets have become one of the main interfaces that kernel subsystems provide to user-space applications in Linux.

What is user space and kernel space in OS?

Virtual Memory is divided into kernel space and the user space. Kernel space is that area of virtual memory where kernel processes will run and user space is that area of virtual memory where user processes will be running. This division is required for memory access protections.

What is kernel space and user space How is kernel space and user space interfaced?

Kernel space is that area of virtual memory where kernel processes will run and user space is that area of virtual memory where user processes will be running. This division is required for memory access protections.