How are DNA vaccines created?

DNA vaccines work by injecting genetically engineered plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the antigen(s) against which an immune response is sought, so the cells directly produce the antigen, thus causing a protective immunological response.

Why are DNA vaccines considered safer than attenuated vaccines?

DNA vaccines have several properties that could represent advantages over other immunization procedures: there is no risk of infection, contrary to attenuated vaccines; they elicit both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, and they are capable of inducing long-lived immune responses and increased cytotoxic T-cell …

Is DNA vaccine stable?

Compared to conventional protein/peptide-based vaccines intended to induce antigen-specific adaptive immune responses, DNA vaccines are more stable, cost-efficient, easy to manufacture and safe in handling [1].

What are the advantages of DNA vaccines?

The main advantage of DNA vaccines is their ability to stimulate both the humoral and cellular arms of the adaptive immune system. In regards to humoral immunity, the generation of antibodies by B lymphocytes against invading pathogens is one of the most effective defenses mounted by the immune system.

What is the purpose of DNA vaccine?

DNA vaccines, which are often referred to as the third-generation vaccines, use engineered DNA to induce an immunologic response in the host against bacteria, parasites, viruses, and potentially cancer.

What are the side effects of DNA vaccines?

The major concerns with regard to safety are integration of the plasmid DNA into the host genome, adverse immunopathological effects, the formation of anti-DNA antibodies resulting in auto-immune disease and the use of novel molecular adjuvants.

What are disadvantages of DNA vaccines?

The disadvantages of DNA vaccines are based mainly on the activation of oncogenes as well as elicitation of anti-DNA antibodies and low immunogenicity in vaccines. However, these issues are of concern and required to be resolved based on both scientific and clinical research studies.