What is the difference between hydrocracking and catalytic cracking?

The basis of catalytic cracking is carbon rejection, while hydrocracking is a hydrogen addition process. Catalyst cracking uses an acid catalyst, while hydrocracking uses a metal catalyst on acid support. Another differnce is that catalyst cracking is an endothermic process while hydrocracking is an exothermic process.

What is the purpose of hydrocracking?

Hydrocracking is usually performed on heavy gas oils and residues, to remove feed contaminants (nitrogen, sulfur, metals) and to convert them into lighter fractions including diesel gasoils.

What is hydrocracking catalyst?

Hydrocracking is replacing fluidised catalytic cracking as the refinery conversion process of choice. The performance of hydrocracking units is fundamentally dependent on the zeolite catalyst used to break down the heavier oil molecules.

What are the differences between catalytic cracking and thermal cracking?

The main difference between thermal cracking and catalytic cracking is that thermal cracking uses heat energy for the breakdown of compounds whereas catalytic cracking involves a catalyst to obtain products.

Why is hydrocracking more effective than FCC?

In a refinery, the hydrocracker upgrades VGO through cracking while injecting hydrogen. This yields a high volume of high-quality diesel and kerosene product. This is in contrast to the FCC, which uses the same feed (VGO) but produces more and better-quality gasoline.

Who invented hydrocracking?

Chevron
Chevron invented the modern hydrocracking process in 1959. The first licensed unit started up in 1962, followed by the first commercialised Isocracking proc- ess within Chevron’s own system at the Pascagoula, Mississippi, refinery in 1963.

What is the by product of hydrocracking?

The major products from hydrocracking are jet fuel and diesel, but low-sulfur naphtha fractions and LPG are also produced. All these products have a very low content of sulfur and other contaminants.

Which type of catalyst is used in hydrocracking?

4.3. The catalysts used in hydrocracking are all of the bifunctional type, combining an acid function and a hydrogenating function. The acid function is carried by supports with a large surface area and having a superficial acidity, such as halogenated aluminas, zeolites, amorphous silica-aluminas, and clays.

What are the advantages of catalytic cracking over thermal cracking?

Catalytic cracking yields a higher quantity of branched-chain, unsaturated, aromatic hydrocarbons as compared to thermal cracking. Catalytic cracking is a better-controlled process than thermal cracking. Petrol obtained by catalytic cracking has lesser sulfur content.

What are thermal and catalytic cracking of petroleum?

The use of thermal cracking units to convert gas oils into naphtha dates from before 1920. Use of a catalyst in the cracking reaction increases the yield of high-quality products under much less severe operating conditions than in thermal cracking. …

Why hydrogen is used in hydrocracking?

use in petroleum refining automobile and jet fuel increased, hydrocracking was applied to petroleum refining. This process employs hydrogen gas to improve the hydrogen-carbon ratio in the cracked molecules and to arrive at a broader range of end products, such as gasoline, kerosene (used in jet fuel), and diesel fuel.