What term improves the response of the controller and reduces overshoot?

Proportional Control ) reduces the rise time, increases the overshoot, and reduces the steady-state error.

Why does proportional control increase the overshoot of the system?

As one increases the proportional gain, the system becomes faster, but care must be taken not make the system unstable. Once P has been set to obtain a desired fast response, the integral term is increased to stop the oscillations. The integral term reduces the steady state error, but increases overshoot.

Which is the controller that will improve the transient response?

PID controller
The PID controller can be used to improve both the system transient response and steady state errors.

How does incorporation of derivative action in the controller improve the closed loop performance?

The derivative control mode gives a controller additional control action when the error changes consistently. It also makes the loop more stable (up to a point) which allows using a higher controller gain and a faster integral (shorter integral time or higher integral gain).

Which controller improves damping and maximum overshoot?

Statement (II): PI controller increases the damping ratio and reduces the peak overshoot.

What controller is required to reduce peak overshoot and increase bandwidth with less settling time?

PI controller
In general, the PI controller can improve the steady-state error but at the expense of stability. In addition, the PI controller can reduce the maximum overshoot and improve the gain and phase margins as well as the resonant peak, but it reduces the bandwidth and extends the rise time.

What does the derivative action of a controller respond to?

Derivative action is added to a proportional action controller in order to produce a phase advance in the controller output signal, i.e. its function is to produce a control correction sooner than would be possible with proportional action alone. It is often regarded as providing an anticipating action.

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