Why does water go in from the bottom in a condenser?

If water enters from the bottom of the condenser, it will always be completely filled with cold water which ensures efficient cooling. The condenser cools these vapors condensing them back to liquid droplets that flow down the condenser into the receiver flask.

Why is it preferable to allow the cold water to enter at the bottom of the condenser and exit at the top rather than vice versa?

Why is it preferable to allow cold water to enter at the bottom of a condenser and exit at the the top rather than vice versa? If water enters from the bottom of the condenser, it will always be completely filled with cold water which ensures efficient cooling.

What is the purpose of the water running into and out of the condenser jacket?

Water (or some other fluid) is constantly circulated in the jacket to carry away the heat of vaporization released by the condensing vapor, keeping the tube below the liquid’s boiling point. The condensed liquid drips out of the lower end of the inner tube.

Why should the water in the condenser flow uphill?

It is important that the water jacket be full of cold water, to maximize the efficiency of condensing the gaseous sample. It is for this reason that the water hoses must be attached to the condenser in a certain way. By forcing the water uphill, it will completely fill the condenser.

What is the reason for running cold water through condenser from lower side to upper side in distillation process?

Answer: In distillation process condensation of vapours take place. To absorb more he cold water is passed from lower side so that it will stay for longer time and absorb more heat from the vapours to form liquid state of the substance.

Why should the top of the receiver flask remain open?

The flask should be no more than two thirds full because there needs to be sufficient clearance above the surface of the liquid so that when boiling commences the liquid is not propelled into the condenser, compromising the purity of the distillate.

Why are there inlet and outlet of water in fractional distillation?

Answer: The cold water inlet is positioned below the outlet, ensuring that if air bubbles are in the water they will rise due to buoyancy and be swept out of the outlet by the water pressure.