What is pharmacokinetics & pharmacodynamics?

Pharmacokinetics is the study of what the body does to the drug, and Pharmacodynamics is the study of what the drug does to the body.

What is the mechanism of action for turmeric?

The mechanism of action by which curcumin shows anti-inflammatory effect is by attenuating inflammatory response of TNF-α stimulated human endothelial cells by interfering with NF-κB. Furthermore, curcumin is also capable of preventing platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) [9].

How is turmeric metabolised?

Most of the curcumin ingested gets metabolised before it can be absorbed. This is due to the activity of the digestive enzymes in the stomach, intestines and liver. Piperine, a compound of black pepper, has been shown to make curcumin more bioavailable.

What is the difference between pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacokinetics?

Pharmacokinetics is currently defined as the study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabo- lism, and excretion. Clinical pharmacokinetics is the application of pharmacokinetic principles to the safe and effective therapeutic management of drugs in an individual patient.

What are 5 pharmacokinetic principles?

Definition of Pharmacokinetics They are absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Each of these processes is influenced by the route of administration and the functioning of body organs. Let’s look at these processes in further detail.

What are the elements in turmeric?

Turmeric contains more than 300 naturally occurring components including beta-carotene, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), calcium, flavonoids, fiber, iron, niacin, potassium, zinc and other nutrients. But the chemical in turmeric linked to its most highly touted health effects is curcumin.

What is the chemical formula of turmeric?

Curcumin
Curcumin is a bright yellow chemical produced by plants of the Curcuma longa species. It is the principal curcuminoid of turmeric (Curcuma longa), a member of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae….Curcumin.

Names
show InChI
show SMILES
Properties
Chemical formula	C21H20O6

What are curcuminoids in turmeric?

Curcuminoids are natural polyphenol compounds derived from turmeric, which is a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). Among them, curcumin, with bright yellow color, is the principal composition. It has long been used as food, coloring agent, and traditional medicine.

How much curcuminoids are in turmeric?

Effective Doses In other words, turmeric spices contain around 3\% curcumin, compared to 95\% curcumin in extracts (19). Nonetheless, turmeric may still have benefits when used as a spice.

What is pharmacokinetics process?

The pharmacokinetic process is concerned with the absorption, distribution, and elimination (by metabolism and excretion) of drugs. It is evident that drug molecules have to pass many structural and metabolic barriers.

What are the 4 phases of pharmacokinetics?

Think of pharmacokinetics as a drug’s journey through the body, during which it passes through four different phases: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).