What controls urban ozone concentration?

Daily temperatures, relative humidity, and wind speed can affect ozone levels. In general, warm dry weather is more conducive to ozone formation than cool wet weather. Wind can affect both the location and concentration of ozone pollution.

What causes ozone?

Stratospheric ozone is formed naturally through the interaction of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation with molecular oxygen (O2). The “ozone layer,” approximately 6 through 30 miles above the Earth’s surface, reduces the amount of harmful UV radiation reaching the Earth’s surface.

What causes ozone pollution?

Ground-level ozone comes from pollution emitted from cars, power plants, industrial boilers, refineries, and chemical plants. Ozone pollution can even come from paints, cleaners, solvents, and motorized lawn equipment.

How do urban areas contribute to air pollution?

Urban air pollution refers to the air pollution in and around cities. Nevertheless, major factors that contribute to urban air pollution are anthropogenic activities, including transportation, domestic use of fossil fuels, industrialization, power generation, combustion and agriculture and beauty products.

How is ozone formed in cities?

Ozone is a secondary pollutant, which means it is not directly emitted by traffic, industry,.. but it is formed on warm summer days by the influence of solar radiation on a cocktail of airborne pollutants. These ozone precursors are nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC).

What steps can be useful in reducing the ozone concentration in the urban and rural areas?

Strategies currently being implemented include:

• Vapor recovery nozzles at the gasoline pumps to reduce refueling emissions;
• Cleaner burning gasoline reformulated to reduce VOC, NOx and other pollutants;
• Strict NOx emission limits for power plants and industrial combustion sources;

How is ozone formed in atmosphere?

Ozone is formed when heat and sunlight cause chemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen (NOX ) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), which are also known as Hydrocarbons. This reaction can occur both near the ground and high in the atmosphere.

How is ozone formed in the upper atmosphere?

Ozone is formed in upper atmosphere by the reaction of ultraviolet UV radiations on oxygen O2 molecule. The damage to ozone layer is a cause of concern to us as due to its damage more ultraviolet rays reach the earth’s surface causing various health hazards.

How do humans produce ozone?

Tropospheric ozone (often termed “bad” ozone) is man-made, a result of air pollution from internal combustion engines and power plants. Automobile exhaust and industrial emissions release a family of nitrogen oxide gases (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), by-products of burning gasoline and coal.

What is urban environmental pollution?

Definition. Although there is not a universally accepted definition, the concept of urban pollution refers to the presence or introduction in cities and urban areas of poisonous or harmful substances. Urban pollution may come from natural sources, but the most detrimental are those emissions related to human activities …

What are the two major sources of air pollution in urban areas?

Name two major sources of air pollution in urban areas. Most air pollution in urban areas comes from motor vehicles and industry.

What produces the most ozone?

This happens when pollutants emitted by cars, power plants, industrial boilers, refineries, chemical plants, and other sources chemically react in the presence of sunlight. Ozone is most likely to reach unhealthy levels on hot sunny days in urban environments, but can still reach high levels during colder months.