How do I check my Landau level?

If Zeeman splitting is included, each Landau level splits into a pair, one for spin up electrons and the other for spin down electrons. Then the occupation of each spin Landau level is just the ratio of fluxes D = Φ/Φ0.

What is Landau diamagnetism?

The theory that describes diamagnetism in a free electron gas is called Landau diamagnetism, named after Lev Landau, and instead considers the weak counteracting field that forms when the electrons’ trajectories are curved due to the Lorentz force.

What do you infer from quantum Hall effect explain?

The quantum Hall effect (or integer quantum Hall effect) is a quantized version of the Hall effect which is observed in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to low temperatures and strong magnetic fields, in which the Hall resistance Rxy exhibits steps that take on the quantized values.

What do you mean by cyclotron frequency?

The cyclotron frequency or gyrofrequency is the frequency of a charged particle moving perpendicular to the direction of a uniform magnetic field B (constant magnitude and direction). Since that motion is always circular, the cyclotron frequency is given by equality of centripetal force and magnetic Lorentz force.

What happens when an electron jumps from higher energy level to lower energy level?

According to Bohr atomic model , electrons can only revolve in well defined specific orbits . When electrons jumps from lower energy level to higher energy level it gains energy similarly when electrons goes from higher energy level to lower energy level it loses energy .

What is antiferromagnetic material?

In antiferromagnetic materials, which include certain metals and alloys in addition to some ionic solids, the magnetism from magnetic atoms or ions oriented in one direction is canceled out by the set of magnetic atoms or ions that are aligned in the reverse direction. …

What is ferromagnetic compound?

Ferromagnetism is a kind of magnetism that is associated with iron, cobalt, nickel, and some alloys or compounds containing one or more of these elements. It also occurs in gadolinium and a few other rare-earth elements. They become oriented in the same direction, so that their magnetic fields reinforce each other.

What is hole effect?

The Hall effect is the deflection of electrons (holes) in an n-type (p-type) semiconductor with current flowing perpendicular to a magnetic field. The deflection of these charged carriers sets up a voltage, called the Hall voltage, whose polarity depends on the effective charge of the carrier.

What is quantum Hall matter?

When a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the flow of electric current, a transverse voltage develops across the material. Initially discovered in 1879, this is known as the Hall effect. Known as the quantum Hall effect, these states, observed in two-dimensional structures, corresponded to new states of matter.