Why do student need to understand stress in rocks?

Why do geotechnical engineers need to understand stress in rocks? (Possible answers: To predict many types of natural hazards. To take steps to save structures and lives from natural disasters.

What is the importance of stress in rocks?

The development of these stress patterns leads directly to shear localization, and their existence provides insight into the formation of rhythmic features such as compositional banding and foliation in rocks that are reacting or dissolving while being deformed.

What is the need of measurement of in situ stresses in rock mass?

In situ stresses released during excavation for underground structures can cause rock bursting, spilling, buckling or other ground control problems. Knowledge of the state of in situ stress is of critical importance to the design and construction of engineering structures in a rock mass (Nripendra et al.

What makes the type of stress important to the geological features of the earth?

At the Earth’s surface, rocks usually break quite quickly, but deeper in the crust, where temperatures and pressures are higher, rocks are more likely to deform plastically. Sudden stress, such as a hit with a hammer, is more likely to make a rock break. Stress applied over time often leads to plastic deformation.

What do you think happens with stressed rocks in an earthquake zone?

A rock under enough stress will fracture. Sudden motions along faults cause rocks to break and move suddenly. The energy released is an earthquake. Faults are easy to recognize as they cut across bedded rocks.

What is rock deformation explain different type of stresses which causes rocks to deform?

Rocks Are Stressed Stress causes rocks to deform, meaning the rocks change size or shape. There are different kinds of stress that rocks experience, and these determine how the rocks deform. Tensional stress is when rock is stretched apart. Compressional stress is when rock is pressed together.

How do rocks respond to stress?

Rock can respond to stress in three ways: it can deform elastically, it can deform plastically, and it can break or fracture. Elastic strain is reversible; if the stress is removed, the rock will return to its original shape just like a rubber band that is stretched and released. Plastic strain is not reversible.

What is in situ stress in rock?

In-situ stress is defined as the stress confined in a rock formation before it is disturbed through excavation or other outside influences. In-situ stress is one of the main parameters in the design of underground structures.

What are in situ stresses explain the techniques for estimating in situ stresses?

What is in-situ stress in rocks? In-situ stresses are the stresses which developed due to weight of the overlying materials and also due to the confinement and the past stress history at a point below the rock surface of the undisturbed rock mass. These stresses may vary considerably from one point to other.

How is stress defined in geology?

Stress is a force acting on a rock per unit area. Any rock can be strained. Strain can be elastic, brittle, or ductile. Ductile deformation is also called plastic deformation. Structures in geology are deformation features that result from permanent (brittle or ductile) strain.

Is faulting a geological activity?

Active faulting is considered to be a geologic hazard – one related to earthquakes as a cause. Effects of movement on an active fault include strong ground motion, surface faulting, tectonic deformation, landslides and rockfalls, liquefaction, tsunamis, and seiches.

How and why do earthquakes deform rocks?

Deformation results from plate tectonic forces and gravitational forces. The type of deformation that takes place during an earthquake generally occurs along zones where rocks fracture to produce faults. Within the Earth rocks are constantly subjected to forces that tend to bend, twist, or fracture them.