What is amplification in DNA sequencing?

Amplification—A process to produce multiple copies of a specific DNA sequence.

What is the difference between DNA amplification and DNA replication?

In contrast to cellular DNA replication, which amplifies all of a cell’s DNA during a replication cycle, PCR does targeted amplification to replicate only a segment of DNA bounded by the two primers that determine where DNA polymerase begins replication. Figure 8.34 illustrates the process.

What is the difference between DNA synthesis and DNA replication?

The main difference between protein synthesis and DNA replication is that the protein synthesis is the production of a functional protein molecule based on the information in the genes whereas DNA replication is the production of an exact replica of an existing DNA molecule.

What is DNA synthesis?

DNA synthesis is the biological process by which a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule is created. In the cell, each of the two strands of the DNA molecule acts as a template for the synthesis of a complementary strand.

What is an amplification mutation?

An increase in the number of copies of a gene. There may also be an increase in the RNA and protein made from that gene. Gene amplification is common in cancer cells, and some amplified genes may cause cancer cells to grow or become resistant to anticancer drugs.

How is the DNA synthesis that occurs in PCR similar and different from the DNA synthesis that occurs in replication?

The main difference between PCR and DNA replication is that PCR is an in vitro process which synthesizes DNA, while DNA replication is the in vivo process of DNA synthesis. Moreover, PCR uses DNA primers while DNA replication uses RNA primers synthesized by RNA primase.

What is the difference between DNA transcription for DNA synthesis and DNA transcription for protein synthesis?

Transcription for DNA synthesis occurs with both the “sense” and the “antisense” strands, while transcription for protein synthesis occurs with only the “sense” strand.

What are the differences between DNA translation and DNA transcription?

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is converted into a complementary RNA code. Translation is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein.

How is DNA synthesized in the lab?

A polymerase chain reaction is a form of enzymatic DNA synthesis in the laboratory, using cycles of repeated heating and cooling of the reaction for DNA melting and enzymatic replication of the DNA. DNA synthesis during PCR is very similar to living cells but has very specific reagents and conditions.

What is the function of DNA synthesis?

DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. Replication is an essential process because, whenever a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must contain the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell.