What are the components identify by immunohistochemistry?

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) uses antibodies to detect the location of proteins and other antigens in tissue sections. The antibody-antigen interaction is visualized using either chromogenic detection with a colored enzyme substrate, or fluorescent detection with a fluorescent dye.

What can immunohistochemistry tell us?

After the antibodies bind to the antigen in the tissue sample, the enzyme or dye is activated, and the antigen can then be seen under a microscope. Immunohistochemistry is used to help diagnose diseases, such as cancer. It may also be used to help tell the difference between different types of cancer.

What causes background staining in immunohistochemistry?

Background staining is thought to occur as a result of either non-specific antibody (Ab) binding to endogenous Fc receptors (FcRs) or a combination of ionic and hydrophobic interactions.

What does IHC negative mean?

A negative test result means that the laboratory did not find any changes in the proteins of your tumor. This result can indicate that a person is not affected by a particular disorder, is not a carrier of a specific genetic mutation, or does not have an increased risk of developing a certain disease.

What is an immunohistochemistry assay?

Immunohistochemical assays are a widely-used technique in oncology research and general biological studies. The assays involve the staining of tissues, rather than cells, to determine the location of given proteins in a tissue sample.

Which method is best for immunohistochemistry?

So Which Method is Best for Me?

Method	Pros
Direct	Quick methodology Fewer reagents, cheaper Non-specific binding eliminated No cross-species reactivity Dual staining is straightforward
Indirect	A small number of standard conjugated secondary antibodies is required Commonly used technique

What causes high background staining?

Non-specific staining is caused by the ion interaction between primary antibody or secondary antibody with molecular of tissue, which may result in high background and so that the position of the target protein expression on tissue cannot be observed.

What causes background staining?

Background staining can be caused by inappropriate antibody binding or by mistakes during the preparation of the tissue slide.

What is a high KI 67 level?

A result of less than 6\% is considered low, 6-10\% intermediate, and more than 10\% is considered high. Ki-67: Ki-67 is a protein in cells that increases as they prepare to divide into new cells. A staining process can measure the percentage of tumor cells that are positive for Ki-67.