What is the principle of supercritical fluid extraction?

The liquid is pumped to a heating zone, where it is heated to supercritical conditions. It then passes into the extraction vessel, where it rapidly diffuses into the solid matrix and dissolves the material to be extracted.

What are the principles of supercritical fluid chromatography?

Principle. Supercritical fluid chromatography encompasses all chromatographic methods in which the mobile phase is supercritical under the conditions of analysis, with the solvating properties of the fluid having a measurable effect on the separation.

What is supercritical fluid extraction used for?

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has been widely used for extracting flavor and fragrance compounds from complex matrices without the use of organic solvents. This method is based on the use of gases at determined conditions of pressure and temperature, known as supercritical region.

Why CO2 is used in supercritical fluid extraction?

In the supercritical state, carbon dioxidebehaves as a lipophillic solvent and therefore, is able to extract most nonpolar solutes. Supercritical carbon dioxideis also desirable for extraction of compounds that are sensitive to extreme conditions because it has a relatively low critical temperature (31°C).

Why SFC is better than HPLC?

Although HPLC generally has better selectivity than SFC, SFC is good in terms of sensitivity and efficiency and has a wider range of detectors than HPLC. Compared to GC, SFC can use lower temperatures allowing more easily decomposable samples to be analysed.

What is subcritical CO2 extraction?

Subcritical (low temperature, low pressure) CO2 extractions take more time and produce much smaller yields than supercritical, but they keep essential oils, terpenes and other sensitive chemicals in the plant.

What is the difference between HPLC and SFC?

SFC offers a higher performance than HPLC and often shorter equilibration times ‘*16, because following changes of the super- critical fluid density a stable system is rapidly obtained. From the above it can be concluded that HPLC requires the longest method development time.

What is subcritical fluid?

Subcritical water is liquid water under pressure at temperatures above usual boiling point, 100 °C (212 °F). It is also known as “subcritical water” or “pressurized hot water.” At subcritical state, water is maintained in liquid form by apply pressure.

What is liquid CO2 extraction technique?

To perform an extraction, the plant material must be ground and placed into an extraction vessel. CO2 gas undergoes high temperature and pressure. A pump then forces supercritical CO2 into the extraction vessel where it meets the plant and breaks the trichomes allowing it to dissolve part of the plant material.

Which column is used in SFC?

SFC may use either conventional packed HPLC columns or capillary tubes, and the mobile phase is generally supercritical CO2 containing a small amount of an organic modifier, for example, MeOH (Morgan et al., 1988; Raynor et al., 1988, 1989).

What is subcritical extraction?

Subcritical-water extraction (SWE) is a relatively new technique for extracting less-polar compounds using only water for short extraction time in 30 min8. Subcritical water is maintained in a liquid state under high pressure at a temperature between 100 and 374 °C9.