How can you tell the difference between o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol?

Answer

1. O-nitrophenol has NO2 group attached to C2 while p-nitrophenol has NO2 group attached to C4.
2. O-nitrophenol is more volatile while p-nitrophenol is more stable.
3. P-nitrophenol is more acidic than phenol while o-nitrophenol is less acidic than phenol.

How is a spectrum obtained in NMR spectroscopy?

An nmr spectrum is acquired by varying or sweeping the magnetic field over a small range while observing the rf signal from the sample. An equally effective technique is to vary the frequency of the rf radiation while holding the external field constant.

How can you tell the difference between para and Ortho?

The key difference between ortho, para and meta substitution is that ortho substitution has two substituents in 1 and 2 positions of the ring, but para substitution has two substituents in 1 and 4 positions. Meanwhile, meta substitution has two substituents in 1 and 3 positions.

Why o-nitrophenol has lower boiling point?

Hence just in case of o-nitrophenol, thanks to intramolecular H-bonding it acts as a monomer whereas for para isomers thanks to intermolecular H-bonding it’s ready to keep company with other molecules and acts as polymer-like. Hence, O-nitrophenol contains a lower boiling point than P-nitrophenol.

How do you differentiate isomers?

You can tell them apart by their bonding patterns and how they take up three-dimensional space. Identify structural (constitutional) isomers by their bonding patterns. The atoms of the compounds are the same but they are connected in such a way as to make different functional groups.

Which information is obtained from the intensity of signal is NMR spectrum?

The integrated intensity of a signal in a 1H NMR spectrum (does not apply to 13C NMR) gives a ratio for the number of hydrogens that give rise to the signal, thereby helping calculate the total number of hydrogens present in a sample.