How do DNA and RNA control the structure and function of cells and of entire organisms?
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How do DNA and RNA control the structure and function of cells and of entire organisms?
DNA provides the code for the cell ‘s activities, while RNA converts that code into proteins to carry out cellular functions. The sequence of nitrogen bases (A, T, C, G) in DNA is what forms an organism’s traits.
How does the structure of DNA allow it to carry out its function?
DNA winds into a double helix, with hydrogen bonding between the bases of each strand like the rungs of a ladder. This structure enables DNA to coil so that the long molecule is compact and lots of information can be stored in a small space.
How does DNA and RNA work together?
The portions of DNA that are transcribed into RNA are called “genes”. Cells make RNA messages in a process similar to the replication of DNA. The DNA strands are pulled apart in the location of the gene to be transcribed, and enzymes create the messenger RNA from the sequence of DNA bases using the base pairing rules.
How the structure of DNA is correlated with its role as the molecular basis of inheritance?
How does DNA play a role in the molecular basis of inheritance? DNA carries all the genetic information of an individual. When it replicates each strand gives rise to a daughter strand and passes the genetic information to it. This way it forms the basis of inheritance.
How is the structure of DNA and RNA different?
DNA is a double-stranded molecule, while RNA is a single-stranded molecule. DNA is stable under alkaline conditions, while RNA is not stable. DNA and RNA base pairing is slightly different since DNA uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine; RNA uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine.
How does the structure of DNA assist with its function quizlet?
Explain how the structure of DNA is related to its function. A nucleotide of DNA contains an organic base and two other components. The organic bases present in DNA allow DNA to store information about the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
How does the DNA structure facilitate replication?
DNA can replicate itself because of the way its double strands relate to one another. The purines and pyrimidines that join the two strands pair exclusively with only one other base. This ensures that when the DNA strands separate to replicate an exact copy is created.
What is the structure of DNA and RNA?
Summary: Features of DNA and RNA
| DNA | RNA | |
|---|---|---|
| Function | Repository of genetic information | Involved in protein synthesis and gene regulation; carrier of genetic information in some viruses |
| Sugar | Deoxyribose | Ribose |
| Structure | Double helix | Usually single-stranded |
| Bases | C, T, A, G | C, U, A, G |
How do nucleotides and hydrogen bonds affect the structure of DNA?
The phosphate of one nucleotide is covalently bound (a bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms) to the sugar of the next nucleotide. The hydrogen bonds between phosphates cause the DNA strand to twist. The base pairs in DNA are adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine.
How do the nucleotides in DNA pair?
Nucleotides form a pair in a molecule of DNA where two adjacent bases form hydrogen bonds. The nitrogenous bases of the DNA always pair up in specific way, purine with pyrimidine (A with T, G with C), held together by weak hydrogen bonds. The molecule appears as a twisted ladder and is called a double helix.