Why on nitration of phenol with dilute hno3 ONP is a major product and not PNP?

Due to presence of intra-molecular Hydrogen bonding in ortho-nitrophenol it is a major product in nitration of phenol.

Why is ortho-nitrophenol is more volatile than para nitrophenol?

When both the compounds are boiled, the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding increases the boiling point. Therefore o-nitrophenol has less boiling point and is more steam volatile than p-nitrophenol.

Why ortho and para nitrophenol are more acidic than simple phenol and meta nitrophenol?

An inductive effect is an electronic effect due to the polarisation of σ bonds within a molecule or ion. Thus, ortho and para-nitrophenols are more acidic than m-nitrophenol is a little less acidic than p-nitrophenol because of intramolecular hydrogen bonding which makes the loss of a proton difficult to remove.

Which property of Ortho-nitrophenol is greater than para nitrophenol?

P-nitrophenol has intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding results in a molecular association. This increases boiling point. Hence, O-nitrophenol contains a lower boiling point than P-nitrophenol.

What is the major product when phenol undergoes nitration?

Nitration of Phenols When phenol is treated with concentrated nitric acid, the nitration results in the formation of 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol (commonly called picric acid).

Why ortho nitro phenol is steam volatile while para nitro phenol is less volatile?

In o-nitrophenol, intarmolecular hydrogen bonding is present while intermolecular hydrogen is present in the molecules of p-nitrophenol. This means that the boiling point of o-nitrophenol is less and is steam volatile while than of p-nitrophenol is more and is, therefore, non-volatile in steam.

Why is ortho nitrophenol a major product?

Ortho-nitrophenol is stabilized by intramolecular Hydrogen-bonding between the H-atom of OH group and an oxygen of the nitro-group. Para-nitrophenol lacks such extra stability and hence, is relatively less stable than o-nitrophenol. Hence, the major product is o-nitrophenol.

Is ortho or para more acidic?

Ortho nitrophenol is less acidic than para nitrophenol because of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding which makes the loss of proton very difficult. So, para nitrophenol is more acidic.

How do you separate ortho and para nitrophenol?

Ortho and para nitrophenol is separated by distillation because p-nitrophenol has higher boiling point than o-nitrophenol due to H-bonding.

How can you separate ortho nitrophenol from para nitro phenol?

A mixture of o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol can be separated by steam distillation.