What are the main effects of rural urban migration?

Rural-urban migration is seen as creating pressure on urban infrastructure, environment and employment. Rural migrants in urban centres are therefore seen as trading their rural poverty for urban poverty; a phenomenon linked to rising levels of urban poverty (Awumbila, Owusu and Teye, 2014).

What are the causes of rural urban migration how it will affect the urban area?

In rural areas, less employment opportunities, low wages, drought, lack of basic amenities, landlessness, social factors act as push factors and more employment opportunities, higher income, better wages, better facilities activities as pull factors towards the rural to urban migration.

What are the effects of rural urban migration to rural development?

Mass migration has impacts on rural development in a number of ways, including the loss of labour, changes in household age and gender structure and off-farm income.

What are the challenges of migration?

Migrants are often faced with challenges of being accepted by host communities, hence the difficulties in communal integration, harmonious living, commerce, cultural practices, religious beliefs, language barriers, agricultural practices, economic activities, social integration, pastoralism and others.

What are the benefits of rural urban migration?

Paving the way for new opportunities Subsidies for migration to cities can ease rural seasonal famines, and new roads from rural to urban areas can allow the uptake of more highly paid jobs, whilst also raising rural incomes.

What are the effects of rural depopulation in South Africa?

Decreased agricultural and livestock production resulting from rural depopulation means that food that was previously locally sourced must be imported, which results in increased pollution from transportation. – Fire. Rural depopulation results in the emergence of all types of vegetation in many areas.

What are some of the positive and negative effects of migration?

Host country

Advantages	Disadvantages
A richer and more diverse culture	Increasing cost of services such as health care and education
Helps to reduce any labour shortages	Overcrowding
Migrants are more prepared to take on low paid, low skilled jobs	Disagreements between different religions and cultures