What is heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons?

Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are chemicals formed when muscle meat, including beef, pork, fish, or poultry, is cooked using high-temperature methods, such as pan frying or grilling directly over an open flame (1).

What are heterocyclic aromatic amines?

Aromatic amines and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are structurally related classes of carcinogens that are formed during the combustion of tobacco or during the high-temperature cooking of meats.

What are heterocyclic amines HCAs )? How can these pose a health issue when grilling meat?

Cooking meat at high temperatures produces cancer-causing chemicals called heterocyclic amines.

• Cooking meat at high temperatures produces cancer-causing chemicals called heterocyclic amines (HCAs), particularly if it produces char marks, explains Dr.
• When fat hits an open flame, it produces PAHs.

Where are heterocyclic amines found?

cooking muscle meats
Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are the carcinogenic and mutagenic chemicals formed from cooking muscle meats such as beef, pork, fowl, and fish. HCAs form when amino acids and creatine react at high cooking temperatures and are formed in greater quantities when meats are overcooked or blackened.

What are aromatic amines found in?

Aromatic amines are chemicals found in industrial and manufacturing plants, tobacco smoke, commercial hair dyes, and diesel exhaust.

Which one of the following is a heterocyclic amine?

Niacin, essential to many types of life, is an example of a heterocyclic amine.

How do you prevent heterocyclic amines?

Conclusion: Lowering the pan temperature and turning the patties frequently can greatly reduce the formation of heterocyclic amines and can simultaneously achieve bacterial inactivation with little or no increase in cooking time, ensuring a product that is safe for human consumption.

How do you identify aromatic amines?

An aromatic amine is an organic compound consisting of an aromatic ring attached to an amine. It is a broad class of compounds that encompasses anilines, but also many more complex aromatic rings and many amine substituents beyond NH2.

How will you detect primary aromatic amine functional group which test?

Aromatic primary amines can be confirmed by azo dye test. Primary amine e.g. aniline reacts with nitrous acid generated in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite with HCl at 0–5°C to produce diazonium salt. This couples with β-naphthol to give a scarlet red dye, which is sparingly soluble in water.

How do you identify heterocyclic compounds?

In their general structure, heterocyclic compounds resemble cyclic organic compounds that incorporate only carbon atoms in the rings—for example, cyclopropane (with a three-carbon-atom ring) or benzene (with a six-carbon-atom ring)—but the presence of the heteroatoms gives heterocyclic compounds physical and chemical …

How do you number heterocyclic compounds?

When naming such compounds the side of the heterocyclic ring is labeled by the letters a, b, c, etc., starting from the atom numbered 1. Therefore side ‘a’ being between atoms 1 and 2, side ‘b’ between atoms 2 and 3, and so on as shown below for pyridine.