What is the effect of NO2 group in benzene ring?

The presence of the ortho- and para-position nitro group withdraws electron density from the benzene ring and thereby promotes the haloarene attack by the nucleophile.

Why does NO2 disable benzene ring?

Most elements other than metals and carbon have a significantly greater electronegativity than hydrogen. Consequently, substituents in which nitrogen, oxygen and halogen atoms form sigma-bonds to the aromatic ring exert an inductive electron withdrawal, which deactivates the ring (left-hand diagram below).

Which effect is shown by NO2?

3) The nitro group, -NO2, in nitrobenzene shows -M effect due to delocalization of conjugated π electrons as shown below. Note that the electron density on benzene ring is decreased particularly on ortho and para positions.

Why does NO2 have effect?

Health effects Longer exposures to elevated concentrations of NO2 may contribute to the development of asthma and potentially increase susceptibility to respiratory infections. Both of these are also harmful when inhaled due to effects on the respiratory system. Learn more about Particulate Matter and Ozone.

Why is nitro group in aromatic ring called ring deactivating group?

If electrophilic aromatic substitution of a monosubstituted benzene is slower than that of benzene under identical conditions, the substituent in the monosubstituted benzene is called a deactivating group. Thus, the nitro group is a deactivating group. All deactivating groups are electron-withdrawing groups.

Why is NO2 a ring deactivator?

-NO2 group is an electron withdrawing group. It deactivates benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution reaction. As a result, the electron density at meta position is relatively higher than at the ortho and para position. So, electron deficient electrophile always attacks at meta position.

How the substituent groups affect the reactivity of benzene ring?

Experiments have shown that substituents on a benzene ring can influence reactivity in a profound manner. Consequently, substituents in which nitrogen, oxygen and halogen atoms form sigma-bonds to the aromatic ring exert an inductive electron withdrawal, which deactivates the ring (left-hand diagram below).

Which of the following is more reactive than benzene towards nitration?

toluene
The structure of nitrobenzene is, We know that the nitro group is an electron withdrawing group. So, electrophilic nitration is less reactive than benzene. So, the compound which is more reactive towards electrophilic nitration is toluene.

What will happen to the rate of nitration of benzene?

IN the nitration of benzene in the presence of conc. H2SO4 and HNO3, benzene is formed. If a large amount of KHSO4 is added to this mixture more HSO4- ion furnishes and hence the concentration of electrophile decreases, rate of electrophilic aromatic reaction slows down. H2SO4 and HNO3, benzene is formed.