What causes spin Hall effect?

It consists of the appearance of spin accumulation on the lateral surfaces of an electric current-carrying sample, the signs of the spin directions being opposite on the opposing boundaries. In a cylindrical wire, the current-induced surface spins will wind around the wire.

How is spin Hall effect measured?

A spin Hall voltage, VSH, is measured between the two Hall probes at a distance LSH from the injection point. VSH is caused by the separation of up and down spins due to spin–orbit interaction in combination with a pure spin current.

Which is the proper definition of Hall effect?

The Hall effect is when a magnetic field is applied at right angles to the current flow in a thin film where an electric field is generated, which is mutually perpendicular to the current and the magnetic field and which is directly proportional to the product of the current density and the magnetic induction.

What is spin accumulation?

Spin accumulation is a crucial but imprecise concept in spintronics. In metal-based spintronics it is characterized in terms of semiclassical distribution functions. In semiconductors with a strong spin-orbit coupling the spin accumulation is interpreted as a superposition of coherent eigenstates.

What is spin-orbit torque?

In the phenomenon known as spin-orbit torque, an electrical current flowing through a bilayer consisting of a heavy metal and a ferromagnet can give a jolt to the magnetization in the ferromagnet. The effect may make possible a novel kind of magnetic memory and other electronic devices.

What is Hall effect find the expression of Hall coefficient?

For example, the Hall coefficient of copper is RH = 0.133 mm³/C . Say we have a copper plate of thickness t = 0.02 mm . The Hall coefficient is defined as the ratio of the induced electric field to the product of the current density and the applied magnetic field.

What is effect of spin-orbit coupling?

Spin-orbit coupling effects are introduced by a one-electron operator which uses an effective nuclear charge to replace two-electron effects. The resulting splittings of the lowest energy triplet state components are 0.027 and 0.199 cm−1, respectively.

How does spin affect energy?

The effect of spin on the energy levels is manifested in the interaction between electron and a magnetic field. That electron has an intrinsic angular momentum leads to the property that it also has intrinsic magnetic dipole moment. This intrinsic magnetic moment may interact with external magnetic field.

How do you calculate spin current?

Thus a spin current is determined by both the moving direction and the spin polarization of electrons. In theory, if the vector potential is spin-dependent, A↑ ≠ A↓, it is highly possible for the system to circulate a spin current. = 1 2m2c2 (∇V × p→)⋅S→, where V is the Coulomb potential that the electron experiences.

What is the difference between spin torque and spin torque?

The spin transfer torque – spin density originates from the polarization by a ferromagnetic layer, where the spin orbit torque – spin density originates from the spin orbit coupling which favors one direction of the spin angular momentum in a particular region of space.

What is Hall effect derive expression for Hall voltage and Hall coefficient?

Hall effect. Hall voltage (VH) is developed along y-axis with electric field intensity EH. v = Drift velocity. This is the required expression for Hall voltage.