What is Gradient runway?

The gradient or slope of a runway is the amount of change in runway height over the full length of the runway. This figure is expressed as a percentage. If the gradient is 3\%, for every 100 feet of runway length, the runway height changes by 3 feet.

What is an intersecting runway?

Intersecting Runways: Two or more runways which cross or meet within their lengths.

What is a narrow runway?

Runways are designed to meet the requirements, taking into account take-off performance and aeroplane physical characteristics which are summarised in the Aerodrome Reference Code (ARC). Runways that are narrower than the dimensions specified in the ARC are classified as narrow runways.

What is runway elevation?

(Also called field elevation, runway elevation, aerodrome elevation, airport height.) The officially designated elevation of an airport above mean sea level, in international usage denoted by the symbol Ha. It is the elevation of the highest point on any of the runways of the airport.

What is the maximum runway slope?

Most Part-25 certified aircraft have an operating limit of roughly +/-2\% for runway slope, as most of the runways fall into this category.

Why do runways intersect?

Airports in places where wind can blow from any direction or more than 2 direction needs intersecting runways so that whenever there is heavy crosswind, the runway most suitable would be in operation and during light cross wind, both of them can be used simultaneously.

What is open V runway?

A runway configuration in which two runways diverge from different directions but do not intersect each other. When there is little or no wind, both runways can be used simultaneously. When there are strong winds, the system reverts to a one-runway operation.

What impression may be caused when approaching a runway with an upslope?

When flying toward a known upslope runway, expect that you will perceive being higher than you actually are and plan to land long on the runway. When a runway is downsloping, the pilot thinks that they are too low and will consequently plan a higher approach and land long on the runway, or may even have to overshoot.