Why vegetable oil is added to milk?

Vegetable oils are a good source of healthy unsaturated fats and are generally cholesterol-free. Substitution of milk fat by vegetable oils in milk is an option for obtaining cheese with healthier saturated/unsaturated fat balance (Yu and Hammond, 2000b).

Does adulterated milk contain fat?

Milk fat can be adulterated by different ways such as direct incorporation of foreign fat in butterfat or by homogenization of skimmed milk with less expensive foreign fat. Among foreign fats, vegetable oil such as palm and coconut can be used to adulterate the milk fat.

What are the adulterants in milk?

Some of the major adulterants in milk having serious adverse health effect are urea, formalin, detergents, ammonium sulphate, boric acid, caustic soda, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide, sugars and melamine.

How can milk be adulterated?

Though water remains the most common milk adulterant, increasingly detergent, caustic soda, glucose, white paint and refined oil are being used to adulterate milk. Adulterants like salt, detergents and glucose add to the thickness and viscosity of the diluted milk while starch prevents its curdling.

Is animal fat in milk?

Animal fats can be categorized as milk fats, rendered fats, and fish oils. The main representative of milk fats is the fat of cow’s milk. All other milks are of almost no importance as far as their fats are concerned. They have their importance as such or as the base for milk products and cheeses.

What is the difference between milk fat and vegetable fat?

Human milk fat contains around 15\% linoleic acid, while in bovine milk fat this is only about 1.5\%. Fatty acids in vegetable fat. Different vegetable fats present in IFs are blended in such a way that the fatty acid composition closely resembles that of human milk (Table 1).

Why is milk adulterated?

The study found that due to lack of hygiene and sanitation in milk handling and packaging, detergents (used during cleaning operations) are not washed properly and find their way into the milk. Other contaminants like urea, starch, glucose, formalin along with detergent are used as adulterants.

What is oil adulteration?

Vegetable oil adulteration can be defined as the addition of cheaper, inferior, harmful, or unnecessary substance(s) to oil that could affect its nature and quality.

Why is milk adulteration done?

Adulterants are mainly added to increase the shelf life of milk. Some of the preservatives like acid and formalin is added to the milk as adulterants, thereby increasing the storage period of milk.

Is milk adulterated in India?

A worrying 79\% of branded or loose milk available in the market is adulterated, the latest annual report by the Consumer Guidance Society of India (CGSI) has found. Of these, only 87 milk samples (21\%) complied to the standard specifications set by the Food Safety and Standard Authority of India (FSSAI).

Why is the milk adulterated?

Unfortunately milk is being very easily adulterated throughout the world. Possible reasons behind it may include- demand and supply gap, perishable nature of milk, low purchasing capability of customer and lack of suitable detection tests (Kamthania et al. 2014).

What is adulteration oil?

How do you detect adulteration in milk powder?

NIR (Near Infra Red) spectroscopy has been used for detecting milk powder adulteration with vegetable protein (Maraboli, Cattaneo, & Giangiacomo, 2002). Adulteration of pasteurized or UHT (Ultra High Tempearture) milk powders with soy, pea, and wheat proteins have been reported.

What is the percentage of fat in milk?

Milk that is in final package form for beverage use shall have been pasteurized or ultrapasteurized, and shall contain not less than 8 1/4 percent milk solids not fat and not less than 3 1/4 percent milkfat.

What is milk made of?

Milk is the lacteal secretion, practically free from colostrum, obtained by the complete milking of one or more healthy cows. Milk that is in final package form for beverage use shall have been pasteurized or ultrapasteurized, and shall contain not less than 8 1/4 percent milk solids not fat and not less than 3 1/4 percent milkfat.

What is the history of milk adulteration?

However, history of milk adulteration is very old. Swill milk scandal has been reported in 1850 which killed 8000 infants in New York alone (How we poison our children 1858 ). Milk is considered to be the ‘ideal food’ because of its abundant nutrients required by both infants and adults.