What happens in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is blockage of the passage out of the stomach due to thickening (hypertrophy) of the muscle at the junction between the stomach and the intestines. The thickened muscle creates a partial blockage (obstruction) that interferes with the passage of stomach contents into the small intestine.

In which condition does total bilirubin increase?

One common, and harmless, cause of elevated bilirubin is Gilbert’s syndrome, a deficiency in an enzyme that helps break down bilirubin. Your doctor may order further tests to investigate your condition. Bilirubin test results also may be used to monitor the progression of certain conditions, such as jaundice.

What causes raised unconjugated bilirubin levels in Gilbert’s syndrome?

Gilbert syndrome is associated with fluctuating levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia). Bilirubin levels may increase with stress, strain, dehydration, fasting, infection or exposure to cold. In many individuals, jaundice is only evident when one of these triggers raises the bilirubin levels.

Why does pyloric stenosis cause projectile vomiting?

Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the pylorus―a muscular valve at the bottom of the stomach. When it becomes too think (hypertrophied), breastmilk or formula can’t get through to the small intestines. This leads to excessive, projectile vomiting.

What is congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

INTRODUCTION. Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is a disorder of young infants caused by hypertrophy of the pylorus, which can progress to near-complete obstruction of the gastric outlet, leading to forceful vomiting.

Why is unconjugated bilirubin also called indirect reacting bilirubin?

Unconjugated bilirubin does not react well in this system unless alcohol is added to promote its solubility in water. Conjugated bilirubin also is called direct bilirubin because it reacts directly with the reagent, and unconjugated bilirubin is called indirect because it has to be solubilized first.

Which bilirubin is elevated in Gilbert’s syndrome?

Gilbert syndrome is characterized by elevated serum bilirubin, specifically unconjugated bilirubin due to a deficiency of bilirubin glucoronidation (11).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dFmbz3Vb_Y