What is the other authority relating to the state under Article 12?

c) Other authorities – in Article 12 the expression ‘other authorities’ is used after mentioning a few of them, such as, the Government, Parliament of India, the Government and Legislature of each of the State and all local authorities.

What is a State Article 12?

Article 12 defines the term ‘state’ it says that-Unless the context otherwise requires the term ‘state’ includes the following – 1) The Government and Parliament of India that is Executive and Legislature of the Union. 2) The Government and Legislature of each states.

Which of the following is State for the purpose of Article 12?

Article 12 of the Indian Constitution states that, Government and Legislature of each State i.e the Executive and Legislature of the various States of India. All local or other authorities within the territory of India. All local and other authorities who are under the control of the Government of India.

Is Article 21 A negative right?

Article 21 of the Indian constitution in its grammatical form, appears to be negative, but, in reality, it has been given a positive effect by judicial interpretation. The right is a fundamental right, enforceable against the state judicial; decisions have imposed, on the state, several positive obligations.

What is Article 293 State?

3.1 In terms of Article 293(1) of the Constitution of the India, the State governments can give guarantees within such limits as fixed by the legislature of the concerned State. A consent under Clause (3) may be granted subject to such conditions if any as the Government of India may think fit to impose.

Is BCCI a State under Article 12?

The Court took into account the principles of absence of “deep and pervasive control and lack of substantial government funding” to rule out BCCI as ‘State’ under Article 12 of the Constitution of India. In the process, the Court re-affirmed its decision in the case of Zee Telefilms v Union of India.